Urdu Poetry (Urdu)
اُردو شاعری
تحریر و تحقیق: سائرہ سید (اردو انسائیکلوپیڈیا)
انگریزوں کے دورِ حکومت میں جب اردو زبان کو بہت مقبولیت حاصل ہوئی تو برطانوی حکومت نے اِسے سرکاری زبان کا درجہ دے دیا اور اُس وقت کے مشہور شعراء کو حکومت کی طرف سے وظیفہ بھی دیا جاتا تھا۔ اُردو شاعری ایک مقبول و معروف صنف ہے۔ اس کی بہت سی اقسام ہیں، اردو شاعری تہزیبِ جنوبی ایشیا کا نہایت اہم حصہ ہے۔ میر تقی میر، درد، میر ببر علی انیس، مرزا غالب، داغ، مرزا دبیر، علامہ محمد اقبال، ذوق، جوش، اکبر، جگر، فیض احمد فیض، فراق، شکیب جلالی، احمد ندیم قاسمی، شاعر، محسن نقوی ، احمد فراز، فیضی اور عاجز اردو شاعری کے بہت بڑے شعراء رہ چکے ہیں۔ اردو شاعری صرف کتابوں تک محدود نہیں بلکہ اسے پڑھایا، سکھایا، سنا اور گایا بھی جاتا ہے اور مشاعروں کی محفلیں بھی سجائی جاتی ہیں۔ . اردو شاعری کی اقسام: . 1- غزل غزل وہ کلام ہے جس میں محبوب کے حسن و جمال، عشق و محبت، فراق و جدائی اور وفا و جفا کا تزکرہ ہوتا ہے۔
2- نظم غزل کے برعکس نظم میں ایک ہی عنوان و موضوع ہوتا ہے جس پر شاعر مکمل کلام لکھتا ہے۔
3- حمد حمد میں پروردگارِ عالم کی حمد و ثناء بیان کی جاتی ہے۔
4- نعت نعت میں رسولِ خُدا محمد مصطفیٰ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ وسلم کی شان و مقام، تعریف و تعظیم بیان کی جاتی ہے۔
5- منقبت منقبت میں اہلِ بیتؑ، آئمہِ معصومینؑ اور صحابہِ کرامؒ کی شان و منزلت بیان کی جاتی ہے۔
6- مرثیہ مرثیہ میں امام علیؑ، امام حسنؑ، امام حسینؑ اور دیگر آئمہِ معصومینؑ کی شہادت کو دردناک رزمیہ انداز میں بیان کیا جاتا ہے۔
7- مثنوی مثنوی میں خیالی باتوں، پریوں و جنات کی کہانیوں، عشقیہ داستانوں وغیرہ کو دو شعری انداز میں بیان کیا جاتا ہے۔ اردو شاعری کے مجموعے:
. اردو شاعری میں مجموعے دو قسم کے ہیں: 1- دیوان: غزلیات کے مجموعہ کو ‘دیوان’ کہتے ہیں 2- کلیات: کسی ایک شاعر کے مکمل کلام کے مجموعہ کو ‘کلیات’ کہتے ہیں
Urdu – Shayari – Poetry – Poet – Kalam – Hamd – Naat – Manqabat – Marsiya – Dastan
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